Interracial adoption (historically referred to as transracial adoption) refers to the act of placing a child of one racial or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group. Interracial adoption is not inherently the same as transcultural or international adoption. However, in some circumstances an adoption may be interracial, international, and transcultural at the same time (or some combination of two of those).
It means wanting to share your heritage, even though you’re still learning it yourself. It means fearing to be the “weird” girl for asking too many questions. It means by the fourth grade, you will be boxed-in to share your adoption story because you are the best advocate to protect yourself from intrusive questions. It means deliberately separating yourself from the stereotypes ascribed to you – like failing your math quizzes and taking Spanish just to confuse people. It means as a child you started collecting pandas so your tiny hands could firmly grasp onto a piece of your birth culture. It means feeling something lurk around the corner when those that don’t look like you know more about your language, what should have been your mother tongue. It means being forced to acknowledge race at an early age.
It means people saying they “love your Asian hair” and then men saying they “love your long Asian hair.” It means 20 years later, you dye your hair blonde, only to have every hairdresser loudly state the obvious that you have THICK, DARK, LONG Asian hair, followed by a scolding of “and next time, you should really tell the person booking that you have Asian hair.” It means you lean into internalized racism that keeps you from loving how you look, because you will never be the “pretty [white] girl” in school. It means you starve yourself at lunch to fit in with the pretty white girls and to stay “Asian-American” small. It means that one day, the pretty white girls will tell you that they “are so lucky to be white because all makeup looks good on them.”
It means strangers telling you your “English is so good!” and when customers order, they slow down their speech to be “nice.” It means learning their language and becoming an expert on how to tell their version of your story. It means embracing the racial slur and performing joy at being a “banana” due to the Asianness on the outside, white upbringing on the inside. It means one night a camper will ask you, “Why does China take credit for everything?” and all you can think of is, why would you ask me that on s’mores night? It means volleyball parents at your school don’t trust your judgment as a line judge, “it was out!” It means feeding into whiteness without even realizing it or benefitting from it. It means being told you’re not a real person of color, or a real immigrant because you never truly struggled. It means as a child you could only be Mulan, and then as a teenager, Laura Jean. It means having to face the shame when you see your relationship mirrored: Asian female, white male – it means “representing something” more.
It means doubting all your relationships because it would be easier if they just dated someone else, someone with less… someone who is … like them. It means men coming up to you and unprompted, informing you their wife is Asian. It means people will hyphenate your middle name, “Li” and last name, “Smith,” assuming the only way you could be a Smith is through marriage. It means coworkers calling you “Mrs. Lee” while interviewers are surprised to see me in office. It means being told you benefit from white privilege because your entire family is white. It means your white-sounding name on paper doesn’t match the diversity quota. It means finding comfort in finances since it’s the main character in your origin story. It means being asked your family medical history, and having to write in big block letters, “N/A.”
It means your anger toward internet trends like “in a very Chinese time in my life,” or influencers rebranding cat-eye, matcha, yoga, ube, and mahjong, is valid because just shy of five years ago, the rise of hate crimes towards Asians increased (#StopAsianHate). It means working above your paygrade to fight against “yellow fever” tropes and “model minority myth” that tries to keep you as complacent and submissive as possible.
It means being sexualized as a young child, where you learned promiscuity from grown men online, “Age. Sex. Location.” It means being a “limited edition adoptee” since your birth country stopped international adoptions in 2024. It means being part of the longitudinal studies conducted by adoptees, for adoptees. It means being asked, What are you? Where are you really from?
It means learning to lie so you can be a better fit into your family. It means adding “birth,” “bio,” and “adoptive” in front of mom, dad, and family. It means thinking about your birth family and wondering if your dads would get along or if your moms would be able to look each other in the eye. It means explaining to others how you were an aunt five years before you were born, a great aunt at 12, and are the youngest of four, with two half-brothers from your dad’s first marriage and adoptive sister who isn’t biologically related.
It means doubting the reason why your parents really adopted you in the first place. It means being an angsty teen and yelling at your mom to do more because “I wasn’t an accident!” It means feeling ecstatic to celebrate your second birthday, your “gotchaday” the day you were “born” into your family. It means going to dinner with your family and the host assumes you are in separate parties. It means buying back your own genetic information through private companies who then leak your data to health conglomerates. It means a reopening a wound when another adoptee finds their genetic match.
It means creating your sense of family by piecing together mirrored selves, but hating that you never had a full image to begin with. It means your friends asking, “Do you date white people because of your dad?” It means being a 14 year old confused at your dad’s, and then at 19 years old, your brother’s, mistress. It means learning to loudly say “Father. This is my father” when out to dinner with your adoptive dad for the sake of everyone else’s comfort.
It means in your early 20s, thinking about your aging parents and what happens after they pass. It means having your ex-boyfriend’s friends get drunk one night and tell you that he obviously has a “type.” It means having your loved ones use the word “Chink” because it’s “Shakespearean.”
It means the lack of understanding from other overlapping intersectionalities, where no one affinity group can fully hold you. It means being left out of conversations, because “you wouldn’t understand,” further pushing you into feeling never being enough. It means holding the in between, and not knowing what you don’t know, by yourself. It means over time you learn to stay quiet not because you don’t have anything to say, but because they aren’t ready to hear you. It means not really being Asian because your parents tell you they love you.
It means feeling even more of a faux-Asian when your body develops a gluten intolerance and can no longer enjoy dim sum, soy sauce, or even the Asian-American classic, a fortune cookie. It means the panic that sets in when you realize your fun fact “I’m adopted” can no longer be your fun fact in adoptee spaces. It means going to your own college support group for people of color and being told, “you’re not welcome here.” It means joining a pan-Asian interest sorority, only to have your “sisters” tell you, “I like anime. Do you like K-pop? Do you read manga? Do you drink bubble tea?”
It means seeking out family features in shoppers you pass in H-Mart. It means finding your “Asian grandma” as she sells you your first qipao as an adult, and tells you “not to get any bigger, and cash only!” It means being called “Little Sister” on your homeland tour by your “哥哥” (gēge) and not knowing how to respond. It means feeling awkward as you get your nails done and your Asian nail tech asks you if you’re one of those “mixed-Asians.” It means the jealousy of other adoptees in reunion with their birth family. It means having to pull up another chair at the table to expand the Asian-American experience for #AdopteeVoices.
It means wishing for a different type of response to adoption than constantly staying busy. It means having your first therapist tell you, “you aren’t memorable” and your second therapist mentioning that “you are a poor orphan like Annie.” It means when you tell people you’re struggling with adoption… they’ll tell you, “well, it could have been worse, you could be picking rice in a field.” It means being a mentor to fellow adoptees who are older and younger than you. It means the more you step out of the adoptee fog, “the harder you make your life.” It means not always having the answer that everyone is waiting for you to explain. It means perfecting your answer to avoid trauma-dumping. It means you become a curator of evidence to show them the facts. It means having to accept a non-answer as a “real” answer. It means being stuck in lonely limbo of “neither, nor.”
It means havingallofthesethoughtsinsideofyourheadandyouaretoonervoustosharebecauseitfeelslikenoonecantrulyunderstand.
It means being an inspiration to others when you know you’ve never shared one word. It means seeing your family dynamic out in the world, but hesitating to say anything. It means being the bearer of bad news, and struggling to have “fun” like everyone else. It means the only “experts” in adoption are those with adoptee lived experience. It means behind every identity marker, there’s always something more, yet another hyphenated title. It means always being tired from the emotional energy used to parse through adoption.
It means second guessing which term to appropriately use, interracial, transracial, transnational, and/or intercountry? It means being one country’s property and then another. It means there is no English word or definition to fully describe your experience. It means the only way to truly understand what it means to be a transracial adoptee, is to experience it yourself. It means writing this never-ending list on a deadline.
It also means when you are finally brave enough to share your rage about the weight of it all, you are yet again reminded that “you should be grateful for being adopted.”
It means holding this intangible and strange feeling of wanting to go home but never being home. It means #AsianRepresentation hardly represents your own experience. It means you quickly learn that just because you’re both adopted, does NOT mean you are friends. It means you feel like you are drowning in all your many missing “firsts.” It means not having the “givens” your non-adoptees have unlimited access to. It means when you could have been living in the moment like your peers but instead think about everything unknown. It means your legal birthday is probably made up. It means being mature for your age and simultaneously feeling years behind. It means they want you for your pain, but not your joy – so keep sharing your lived experience to prove your worth. It means explaining the same thing again, and people still do not/will not/cannot, (circle one) understand you. It means being painfully aware of the “what ifs,” “could have beens,” and “maybe in another life.”
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Due to traumatic life experiences and compromised beginnings, many children who are adopted, who are being raised by relatives (kinship care), or have experienced foster care have higher risks for developmental, health, emotional, behavioral, and academic challenges.
Individuals and participating family members received Adoption Competent Therapy in 2024.
Parents and professionals registered for the Strengthening Your Family (SYF) Webinar Series in 2024.
Children and families have received adoption-competent mental health services since 1998.